IoT Formal Verification Security

Formal verification and validation of Internet of Things systems is the central focus, applying techniques such as model checking, theorem proving, and zero-watermarking schemes to ensure correctness, security, and data integrity across IoT deployments. The work spans both communication protocols and physical-layer security, addressing vulnerabilities and attack scenarios in wireless sensor networks and broader IoT architectures. Survey papers provide systematic overviews of the state of formal methods applied to IoT, bridging protocol-level communication strategies with rigorous mathematical verification approaches.