Formal IoT Protocol Verification

Formal modeling and verification of IoT communication protocols—including MQTT, CoAP, and RPL—is the central concern, applying techniques such as model checking, colored Petri nets, and Event-B to ensure correctness and security properties. Tools like SPIN and Rodin are evaluated and applied across protocol layers, from routing to application-level messaging. The body of work collectively surveys the landscape of formal methods as applied to IoT architectures, aiming to establish rigorous foundations for protocol design and analysis.