Description

Indoor positioning estimates the location of a person or device inside a building, where GNSS is unavailable. The technique inventory spans rssi-fingerprinting, csi-fingerprinting, angle-of-arrival, time-of-flight, dead-reckoning, and BLE-anchor multilateration. In the thesis, indoor positioning matters most through BLE: BLE-derived trajectories are the calibration signal that anchors CSI-derived crowd inference.

When it's used

  • BLE trajectory ground truth for CSI calibration
  • Anchor-based localisation in indoor venues
  • Hybrid CSI + BLE + IMU fusion pipelines

Limitations

  • NLOS multipath dominates indoor accuracy budget
  • Fingerprinting databases need re-survey on environment change
  • Multi-floor extension requires barometer or RF-feature distinction

Source Papers

  • guo2020_267f — indoor positioning fusion overview
  • sadowski2020_f2ba — RSSI/CSI indoor positioning
  • zhang2025_a250 — DFL-style indoor positioning
  • ficara2024_f89b — indoor-positioning in crowd context
  • zhen2022_bb0b — RSSI-based positioning evaluation

3 vault papers use this method

Titles and DOIs only — no abstracts, no analyses.

  • A Standard Indoor Spatial Data Model—OGC IndoorGML and Implementation Approaches 2017 DOI ↗
  • Human Sensing by Using Radio Frequency Signals: A Survey on Occupancy and Activity Detection 2023 DOI ↗
  • A Person-to-Person and Person-to-Place COVID-19 Contact Tracing System Based on OGC IndoorGML 2020 DOI ↗