Description

Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave radar transmits a chirp whose instantaneous frequency increases linearly with time; mixing the reflected return with the transmitted signal produces a beat tone whose frequency encodes range. FMCW MIMO radars (TI AWR / IWR series, NXP S32R) dominate the consumer mmWave-sensing literature and produce dense range-Doppler-angle cubes that complement WiFi-based sensing.

When it's used

  • Indoor mmWave HAR / crowd counting
  • Precise range-Doppler signatures
  • Reference modality for evaluating WiFi-CSI sensing
  • Vehicle-cabin and gesture sensing

Limitations

  • Hardware cost > commodity Wi-Fi
  • Limited line-of-sight coverage (mmWave attenuates fast)
  • Multipath ghost targets in close-range indoor scenes

Source Papers

  • ren2023_8cfe — FMCW MIMO radar primer
  • cakoni2023_7150 — FMCW radar HAR
  • sakhnini2024_de9b — FMCW radar people counting
  • khan2024_43e8 — FMCW radar in sensing fusion

18 vault papers use this method

Titles and DOIs only — no abstracts, no analyses.

  • Gait recognition using wifi signals 2016 DOI ↗
  • A Survey on Human Behavior Recognition Using Channel State Information 2019 DOI ↗
  • Integrated Sensing and Communications: Toward Dual-Functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond 2022 DOI ↗
  • Group Counting Using Micro-Doppler Signatures From a 77GHz FMCW Radar 2023 DOI ↗
  • Passive WiFi Radar for Human Sensing Using a Stand-Alone Access Point 2021 DOI ↗
  • Grouped People Counting Using mm-Wave FMCW MIMO Radar 2023 DOI ↗
  • Human Sensing by Using Radio Frequency Signals: A Survey on Occupancy and Activity Detection 2023 DOI ↗
  • Crowd Counting Measurements in a Festival Area Using a mmWave FMCW Radar 2024 DOI ↗
  • MMCOUNT: Stationary Crowd Counting System Based on Commodity Millimeter-Wave Radar 2024 DOI ↗
  • WiFi-Based Human Sensing With Deep Learning: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities 2024 DOI ↗
  • Integrated Sensing and Communication Waveform Design: A Survey 2022 DOI ↗
  • NearSense: Exploring NearLink for New-Generation Wireless Sensing 2026 DOI ↗
  • Dynamic Indoor mmWave MIMO Radar Simulation: An Image Rendering-Based Approach 2025 DOI ↗
  • Dynamic Indoor mmWave MIMO Radar Simulation: An Image Rendering-Based Approach 2025 DOI ↗
  • Dynamic Indoor mmWave MIMO Radar Simulation: An Image Rendering-Based Approach 2025 DOI ↗
  • Dynamic Indoor mmWave MIMO Radar Simulation: An Image Rendering-Based Approach 2025 DOI ↗
  • A Survey on Radar-Based Continuous Human Activity Recognition 2023 DOI ↗
  • Recent Advances in mmWave-Radar-Based Sensing, Its Applications, and Machine Learning Techniques: A Review 2023 DOI ↗