LPWAN Technologies Energy Efficiency IoT

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies—including LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, DASH7, and related standards—are the central focus, with emphasis on evaluating their suitability for IoT deployments across energy efficiency, mobility support, and application requirements. Comparative analyses of protocols such as 6LoWPAN and SCHC, alongside surveys of 5G/6G non-terrestrial and cellular IoT, situate these technologies within a broader connectivity landscape. A recurring theme is optimizing device lifetime and energy consumption to meet the constraints of large-scale, heterogeneous IoT applications.