Description

Pedestrian dynamics simulation is the numerical execution of any crowd model — social-force-model, cellular-automata, continuum-crowd-model, or hybrids — to produce trajectories, density fields, or flow fields under a given scenario. In the thesis it is the toolchain that produces synthetic ground truth (BLE-style trajectories + CSI-style perturbation forecasts) for evaluating the BLE-calibrated CSI pipeline before deployment.

When it's used

  • Generating synthetic ground truth for new sensing methods
  • Capacity planning for evacuation / event scenarios
  • Sensitivity analyses (how does CSI response change with crowd parameters?)
  • Counterfactual reasoning when only sparse real data is available

Limitations

  • Validation against real crowds is the hard part, not the simulation itself
  • Different modelling families produce qualitatively different macroscopic behaviour
  • Computational cost scales poorly for very large agent counts

Source Papers

  • duives2013_3924 — comprehensive crowd-simulation review
  • wolinski2014_f409 — calibrating crowd simulators against data
  • malleson2020_7b38 — agent-based crowd-simulation pipeline
  • yang2020_e295 — crowd-simulation model survey
  • sun2021_1423 — crowd-simulation density estimation

12 vault papers use this method

Titles and DOIs only — no abstracts, no analyses.

  • Self-Organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations, and Design Solutions 2005 DOI ↗
  • State-of-the-art crowd motion simulation models 2013 DOI ↗
  • Data-driven Crowd Modeling Techniques: A Survey 2022 DOI ↗
  • A review on crowd simulation and modeling 2020 DOI ↗
  • An extended cellular automaton model for crowd evacuation under multi-storey building with ControlNet 2026 DOI ↗
  • Crowd Entropy-Based Prediction Model: Unidirectional Flow 2026 DOI ↗
  • Constructing WiFi-Video-Fused Multi-Modal Synthetic Datasets for Crowd Counting 2025 DOI ↗
  • Body and mind: Decoding the dynamics of pedestrians and the effect of smartphone distraction by coupling mechanical and decisional processes 2023 DOI ↗
  • Physics of Human Crowds 2023 DOI ↗
  • Crowd evacuation simulation method combining the density field and social force model 2021 DOI ↗
  • 3D Indoor Environment Abstraction for Crowd Simulations in Complex Buildings 2021 DOI ↗
  • A Survey of Techniques for Automatically Sensing the Behavior of a Crowd 2019 DOI ↗