Description

Passive WiFi Radar uses ambient Wi-Fi transmissions as the illumination source and a separate receiver to measure reflections off moving targets, producing range-Doppler maps without any dedicated radar transmitter. It bridges the WiFi-sensing and radar communities: signals are commodity Wi-Fi, processing is classical radar (cross-ambiguity function, CFAR detection). Useful for evaluating CSI sensing against a radar-style baseline.

When it's used

  • Range-Doppler analysis from ambient Wi-Fi traffic
  • Comparison baseline for CSI sensing
  • Multi-static sensing across separated TX / RX

Limitations

  • Requires direct-path suppression (CLEAN, dynamic-range limits)
  • Throughput / sensing trade-off depends on the underlying traffic
  • Ambiguity function shape constrained by Wi-Fi waveform

Source Papers

  • ren2023_8cfe — passive radar in sensing primer
  • li2021_1875 — passive WiFi radar sensing
  • liu2022_0883 — passive radar in ISAC
  • aljarrah2023_e060 — passive bistatic radar context

7 vault papers use this method

Titles and DOIs only — no abstracts, no analyses.

  • Wi-CaL: WiFi Sensing and Machine Learning Based Device-Free Crowd Counting and Localization 2022 DOI ↗
  • Integrated Sensing and Communications: Toward Dual-Functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond 2022 DOI ↗
  • Passive WiFi Radar for Human Sensing Using a Stand-Alone Access Point 2021 DOI ↗
  • On CSI and Passive Wi-Fi Radar for Opportunistic Physical Activity Recognition 2022 DOI ↗
  • Human Sensing by Using Radio Frequency Signals: A Survey on Occupancy and Activity Detection 2023 DOI ↗
  • WiFi-Based Human Sensing With Deep Learning: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities 2024 DOI ↗
  • OPERAnet, a multimodal activity recognition dataset acquired from radio frequency and vision-based sensors 2022 DOI ↗