Description

Passive WiFi Radar (PWR) is a hardware deployment pattern (not a chipset) where the existing Wi-Fi infrastructure transmits standard 802.11 frames and a separate passive receiver captures both the direct line-of-sight signal and reflections from moving targets — exactly the bistatic geometry of a passive radar, but using opportunistic Wi-Fi as the transmitter of opportunity. Listed as Hardware (rather than Method) because PWR papers are tightly bound to specific receiver platforms: SDRs (USRP B210, RTL-SDR), Atheros NICs in a separate physical location from the AP, or dual-Pi setups. The thesis cites PWR as the closest dedicated-hardware analogue to commodity-CSI sensing.

Specs / capabilities

  • Bistatic (or multistatic): separate Tx and Rx geometry
  • Reference channel (direct path) vs surveillance channel (reflected path)
  • Cross-ambiguity function gives range × Doppler maps
  • Uses standard 802.11n/ac frames as illuminator → no modification of the transmitter

Tooling

  • USRP B210 + GNU Radio
  • RTL-SDR (cheap entry; limited bandwidth)
  • Custom dual-NIC Atheros setups

Used by (papers)

  • Indoor passive radar / through-wall sensing papers
  • Comparison hardware vs commodity-CSI sensing

3 vault papers run on this hardwar

Titles and DOIs only — no abstracts, no analyses.

  • WiMANS: A Benchmark Dataset for WiFi-based Multi-user Activity Sensing 2025 DOI ↗
  • On CSI and Passive Wi-Fi Radar for Opportunistic Physical Activity Recognition 2022 DOI ↗
  • OPERAnet, a multimodal activity recognition dataset acquired from radio frequency and vision-based sensors 2022 DOI ↗