Indoor sensing refers to the use of wireless signals, particularly WiFi-based channel state information (CSI), to detect, localize, and characterize human activities, gestures, or environmental changes within enclosed spaces without requiring dedicated wearable devices or cameras. It matters because it enables ubiquitous, privacy-preserving monitoring for applications such as human activity recognition, fall detection, and occupancy estimation by leveraging existing wireless infrastructure. Key variants include passive sensing, where ambient signals are opportunistically exploited, and active sensing, as formalized in the IEEE 802.11bf amendment, which standardizes dedicated sensing procedures to ensure interoperability across multi-vendor deployments.
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